L’analyse syntaxique et lexicale des textes journalistiques de la Radio de Boumerdes
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Date
2016
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Publisher
Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-ouzouا
Abstract
Merra tutlayin n umaḍal ssenfalayen-t-d ɣef tmeddurt n wegdud itt-yettmeslayen, ayen
yettbeddilen deg-s yekka-d seg unegmu n tusniwin timaynutin ladɣa tatiknulujit tamaynut.
Gar tutlayin-agi ad d-naf tamaziɣt, d tutlayt tanaṣlit n yigduden imaziɣen n Tefriqt n
ugafa seg umda n Siwa di Maṣer alama d tigzirin tikanariyin deg ugraw n Latlantik.
Tamaziɣt teqqim deg timawit aṭas leqrun, maca deg iseggasen-agi ineggura teffeɣ-d
seg timawit ɣer tira, imi tuget n yimusnawen refden imru akken ad arun deg yiḥricen
yemgaraden n tutlayt-a, gar-asen: Lmulud AT MƐEMMER, Boulifa, AIT ƐEMRAN, ƐELIC
RACID…atg.
Deg usexdem-agi-nneɣ, ne=reḍ ad nexdem tazrawt tasnalsit ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt i
yettusxedmen di ttawilat n yisalan deg umaṭṭaf n Bumerdas.
Ilmend n way-agi nhegga-d yiwen uɣawas n uxeddim i yebḍan ɣef sin n yiḥricen:
Aḥric amenzu newwi-t-id ɣef umawal, nejme=-d akk kra yellan d ugur ssebba lexṣaṣ n
umawal ara yilin d asagem i yal aneɣmas, imi yal yiwen yettaru akken yeffeɣ fell-as lexṣaṣatagi ttɣumun-ten s wawalen ireṭṭalen si tutlayt n te=rabt neɣ n trumit, daɣen sqedcen ayen
iwumi qqaren asidef n yireṭṭalen (l’integration de l’emprunt).Areṭṭal n wawal iḥuza akk
tutlayin n umaḍal. Dubois. J, yenna-d awal amerḍil “d asemres n wawalen iberraniyen di
tutlayt,maca awalen-agi ur d-kecmen ara ɣer tutlayt armi yella lexṣaṣ deg umawal n tutlayt
nniḍen”.
Tuget n yireṭṭalen kkan-d si ta=rabt d tefransist, ineɣmasen n radyu n Bumerdas
suɣulen-d iḍrisen si tutlayt (ta=rabt, tafransist) awal s wawal dɣa yettbeddil unamek-nsen.
Awalen imaynuten i yerran tifrat i waṭas n tlufa ye=nan awalen ur teksib ara tmeslaytnneɣ, neɣ tasnulfumawalt (néologie) ; d asnulfu n wawalen ijdiden, yettili-d d asileɣ n tayunin
timaynutin ama deg unamek neɣ deg talɣa. Azgen n wawalen imaynuten i ssemrasen
ineɣmasen kkan-d seg umawal n tmaziɣt tatrart n Mulud M=emri.
Deg wamud-nneɣ nufa-d aṭas n wawalen imaynuten, gar-asen:
Amedya:
- Aɣelnaw……………National
Llan kra n wawalen ulac-iten deg umawal n tmaziɣt tatrart, d ineɣmasen i ten-idyesnulfayen, acku ttiḥwiǧen-ten di tira n yeḍrisen-nsen.
Deg wamud-nneɣ nufa-d aṭas n wawalen, gar-asen:
Amedya:
- Amejjay……………Médecin
Tasnulfawalt n talɣa tettili-d s tmerna n kra n yiferdisen i uẓar yellan di tutlayt
(asuddem, asuddes).
Ssemrasen daɣen iwumi qqaren arwas asnilsi (Calque linguistique), d awalen
imaynuten akked tsuqilt awal s wawal i d- yettawin arwas asnilsi (calque linguistique) d awal
areṭṭal i d- yettwasuqlen si tutlayt nniḍen yebḍa ɣef 05 n yinawen:
Arwas asnamkan (Calque sémantique): d asuɣel n unamek i yellan di tutlayt taberranit ɣer
tutlayt-nneɣ s wawalen ineṣliyen n tutlayt.
Arwas asnalɣay (calque morphologique): Arwas asnalɣay yettban-d mi ara d-nessuɣul awal s
wawal. Ineɣmasen n Rradyu tikwal ssuɣulen iḍrisen n yisalan awal s wawal, ɣef way-a i dyettili usexleḍ deg unamek d ayen i yeǧǧan izen ur yettaweḍ ara akken iwata ɣer yimsefliden.
Arwas aseddasan (calque syntaxique):
Arwas n umawal d unamek (Calque lexico-sémantique): Ineɣmasen tikwal semrasen kra n
wawalen i d-ttawin ama si ta=rabt neɣ si tefransist mačči deg unamek-nsen iwatan di
teqbaylit.
Amedya:
- Timzizliyin yemxalafen.
Awal-agi « yemxalafen » anamek-is di teqbaylit « amennuɣ = conflit et de
désaccord », ineɣmasen fkan-as anamek n « umgarad ».
Arwas s usenfali (Calque d’expression) : D tasuqilt ixedmen imenfaliyen, dayen i yettbeddilen
anamek di tutlayt-nneɣ. Ineɣmasen ttawin-d arwas akken yella di tutlayin nniḍen (ta=rabt,
tafransist).
Deg yixf-agi, nemla-d amek ineɣmasen semrasen s tuget, awalen ireṭṭalen, awalen
imaynuten d warwasen isnilsiyen acku aṭas deg-sen ttxemimen s tutlayt n te=rabt neɣ s
tefransist maca ttarun s tutlayt taqbaylit.
Ineɣmasen ttawin-d isalan si tutlayin nniḍen (ta=rabt neɣ tafransist), ssuɣulen-ten-id
akken llan ɣer teqbaylit awal s wawal ɣef waya i yettbeddil unamek.
Asexdem n "l’inerference" d win yettbanen deg umagrad n ta=rabt neɣ n trumit d
leɣlaḍ ye=nan asexdem n tewsit. .
Deg uḥric wis sin, nesleḍ kra n yiḍrisen n yisalan i yuran yineɣmasen n radyu n
Bumerdas, di tazwara nefka-d tibaduyin yes=an assaɣ akked tseddast, syin akkin nejme=-d
merra tucḍiwin d wuguren id d-nmugger, ne=reḍ nessefhem-itent-id d acu-tent, syin akin
neseɣti-tent, ladɣa nufa-d tucḍiwin ye=nan asemlal neɣ asdukkel ayen iyerran iḍrisen-agi d
iẓayanen ɣer wemseflid d unamek-nsen ur nettwafhem ara.
Deg yixef-agi, mi nexdem tasledt nufa-d aṭas n tuccḍiwin deg wayen ye=nan taseddast,
acku ineɣmasen ur ṭṭefaren ara ilugan n tseddast, iswi-nsen ad ssiwḍen izen i yimesfliden.
Nessarem tuccḍiwin-agi ur d-ttuɣallent ara, acku zemrent ad snegrent tutlayt.
- Ineɣmasen deg yeḍrisen-nsen sexdamen s tuget awalen (“d win”, “d tin”,“d
wid”),maca mačči deg umḍiq iwatan, acku segzayen-d iyi-s isem-nni yettilin uqbel
ttalsen t-id d anwa, yerna ur ise==u ara assaɣ d uḥric-nni nniḍen n tefyirt.
- Amernu “aṭas” nessemras-it d wayen ur nezmir ara ad t-nektil.
- “S waṭas” neqqar-it ɣef kra n wayen nezmer ad t-nektil.
- Tikwal ineɣmasen rennu-as tanzeɣt “s” i umernu “aṭas” anda ur nlaq ara, acku ur ẓrin
ara amgired yellan ger-asen
Iswi n yineɣmasen mi ara suqulen iḍrisen-nsen, ad d-ssawḍen izen ɣer yimsefliden,
iswi-agi yuwi-d ugur i tutlayt n tmaziɣt (taqbaylit), acku ttwalin kan amek ara ssiwḍen tiktinsen maca ur ttwalin ara s ways ara tt-ssiwḍen meḥsub ɣer yilugan n tutlayt, nezmer ad d-nini
ɣef way-a tutlayt n yineɣmasen tettačar d tucciḍin ama di tseddast ama deg umawal.
Di tagara n uxeddim-nneɣ nessaweḍ ad d-nbeggen belli ineɣmasen n radyu n
Bumerdas ur s=in ara tamusni izaden di tutlayt n tmaziɣt acku, tutlayin nniḍen ɣelbent tutlayt
n tmaziɣt labe=da ta=rabt. Tifrat i wugur-agi kra yellan d arwasen yewwi-d as-d-naf ttawil
iwakken ad taf tmeslayt-nneɣ anda ara d-agem, maci d asenned ɣer tsuqilt.
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Linguistique appliquée enseignement et communication