Browsing by Author "BELKACEM Yacine"

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    Alternance des langues dans la ville et la haute ville de Tizi Ouzou. « L’arabe de Tizi Ouzou, le kabyle et le français ».
    (Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2023-07) BELKACEM Yacine
    Timetti tazzayrit tettwasen s tuget n tutlayin issexdamen yemdanen deg tmeslayt-nsen n yal ass. Tutlayin-agi d taɛrabt, tafransist d teqbaylit. Aya-agi yekcem deg taɣult n tesnillesmetti id-ijemɛen akk tumanin-agi yeɛnan asemres n tmeslayin-agi. Amahil-nneɣ icud ɣer usentel n usemres n tutlayin id nebder, iwumi neqqar « Timlilit ger tutlayin deg temdint n Tizi Uzzu, ladɣa imezdaɣ n temdint ufella « La haute ville ». Tamsalt-agi teɛnayaɣ d wakken llan waṭas n yisental i nezmer ad nekkes seg-s. Deg temdint n Tizi Uzzu, negra-d tamawt d akken imdanen yettidiren deg-s, seqdacen deg tmeslayt-nsen tagruma n wawalen id-yekkan seg tutlayin niḍen. Maca, taɛrabt n Tizi Uzzu, ur tcuba ara taɛrabt n temdinin niḍen n lzzayer, acku tmal cwiṭ ɣer teqbaylit d akken tesɛa aṭas n wawalen yeqwa deg-sen uṛeṭṭal, ama deg umawal ama deg tseddast akked cwiṭ n urwas. Aya-agi dɣa iɣ-yeǧǧan ad nawi ɣef usentel-agi. Ma d tutlayt tafransist, tesɛa yiwen usemres yemmal-d d akken maci akk imdanen zemren-as, daɣen teɛna s tuget imdanen yeɣran, yesɛan kra tmusniwin deg uqaru-nsen. Isteqsiyen iɣ-icuɣben deg tazwara, ma yella d ssaḥ dɣa imezdaɣ n Tizi-Uzzu ssexlaḍen ger aṭas n tutlayin mi ara ad meslin ? D acu-ten irmusen « phénomènes » icuden ɣer taɣult n tesnillesmetti i nezmer ad nekkes deg temsalt-agi ? Iwakken ad yefru ugur-agi, neffaɣ ar wannar, nextar-d kra imsalliyen iwumi nexdem iseklas meslayen-d deg-s. Ilaq ad ttezṛem d akken deg temdint taɛlayant yewɛar aseqdec n temsalt-agi acku ur ḥemlen ara win ara ad asen-ihedren ɣef tutlayt-agi taɛrabt isemrasen. Yewwi-d almi nessawel i kra n tmusniwin-nneɣ akken ad aɣ fetḥen tiwwura n wannar-agi. Akken ad yettwafhem usentel-agi, nerna-d kra unadi ɣef umezruy n temdint n Tizi Uzzu ara aɣ-iɛawnen deg leqdic-agi. Amahil-agi yebḍa af kṛaḍ n yexfawen. ixef amenzu, nefka-d tibadutin n kra imusnawen deg taɣult-agi nerna nefka-d tibadutin-nneɣ : - Acuddu gar tutlayin, Arwas, Attafttar n tutlayin, Awalen iṛeṭṭalen, Aẓayer n tutlayin, Tadamsa tasnalsant., Tamyiflayt, Tasintlayt, Tutlayt. Ixef wis sin, ad naf deg-s amezruy icuden ɣer temdint n Tizi Uzzu. Nsemres deg-s kra idlisen n imaruten yesnen akken iwata tamdint-agi acku kren-d deg-s anda ara ad naf ineḍruyen seg mi id-kecmen iɛutmaniyen ɣer Tizi Uzzu almi teffeɣ Fransa seg-s. Nnig waya, kukren yemsaliyen ad aɣ-d-ḥkun ɣef tmunent tazzayrit. Nefka-d deg ixef-agi tiḥila isxedmen iṭurkiyen akken ad awin laḥkum n Tizi-Uzzu, nerna nsegza-d kra twaculin tiṭuṛkiyin inusben leqbayel, ladɣa tawacult BELQAḌI. Nmeslay-d daɣen ɣef asmi id-kcem Fransa ɣer Tizi Uzzu, ddaw laḥkum n uɛsekri BUGEAUD yellan d sebba n waṭas ineḍruyen iɛeddan ɣef Tizi Uzzu deg useggas n 1844. Nerna nefka-d tutlayin issemrasen deg lwaqt ni n ustaɛmer. Ma d ayen yeɛnan ixef wis kṛaḍ, nsegza-d ayen id-nufa gar tumanin yellan deg tmeslayt n ugdud yellan deg temdint n Tizi Uzzu, nekkes-d kra n tɣawsiwin id yesbegnen d akken unekcum gar tutalyin-agi ɣef id nemmeslay. Nufa-d tumanin yeɛnan timsislit, nenna-d d akken imezdaɣ n temdint-agi ssemra-sen s waṭas timsislit taɛrabt deg wawalen n teqbaylit. Llan daɣen kra n tumanin yeɛnan taseddast taqbaylit yeṭṭuqten s tussda daxel n tmeslayt taɛrabt. Nwala d akken imesdurar id-yettṣubun ɣer temdint snulfan-asen-d i imezdaɣ n temdint ufella yiwen wawal qaren-as “Zdimuḥ”. Awal agi yettuneḥsab d aɛayer ɣer imezdaɣ-agi, qaren-d d akken awal agi d awal n berra kan. Ur ilaq ara afraq-agi gar ugdud n Tizi Uzzu. Timsal yecban tigi, leqdic-nsen yeḥwaǧ sbeṛ, acku yal yiwen yesɛa tamuɣli-ines ɣef tmeslayt-is, llan wid ur iqeblen ara ad walin yiwen yettnadi af temsalt-agi. Aya-agi ur yelli ara kan deg Tizi Uzzu neɣ deg tmurt n Lzzayer kan, yella deg tmura akk niḍen n ddunit, acku ur yelli wamek ur ttemlilint ara tutlayin gar-asent. Amek id-yenna umusnaw Luc BENTZ : « A trop vouloir préserver la langue d’une prétendue corruption, on risque de la tuer en l’embaument ». Amusnaw-agi yebɣa ad yessebgen d akken tutlayt am umdan, ur tezmir ara ad ttidir waḥdes, teḥwaǧ tutlayin niḍen iwakken ad tekcem deg wannar n tmettiyin niḍen ara ad-tt-yeǧen ad ttwasemres aṭas. Ma d ayen yeɛnan tametti n Tizi Uzzu, tezwaṛ aṭas deg tutlayin, acku leqbayel ḥemlen ad isinen, ad lemden aṭas n tutlayin, maca daɣen ur ilaq ara ad nestahzi s tutlayt-nneɣ taqbaylit.